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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

春节期间如何做好儿童健康防护******

　　【抗疫中，我们众志成城53】

　　儿童是疫情防控的重点健康保障人群。临近春节，如何做好儿童的健康防护？日前，在国务院联防联控机制召开的新闻发布会上，北京儿童医院急诊科主任王荃提醒，春节期间，家长和儿童尽量不去人流聚集的地方，尽量少带或者不带低龄儿童参加聚餐、聚会。她还特别提醒，春节期间家长要注意交通安全，防止儿童跌落、烧烫伤等。

　　儿童感染新冠病毒以后，可能难以清楚表达症状，家长应该特别留意哪些情况？王荃揭示，家长首先要关注孩子的精神状态，如果发现孩子精神萎靡、嗜睡或者烦躁不安，甚至出现了呻吟，“可能还有部分孩子出现意识障碍甚至抽搐，这都是家长要警惕的”。

　　另外，当孩子呼吸频率明显加快，甚至出现了喘息、发憋或声音嘶哑，咳嗽起来声音是破的，或咳嗽起来像犬吠的声音，甚至出现发不出声音的情况，家长都需要格外关注，及时带孩子就医。

　　“对于小婴儿，在呼吸时出现了点头样的动作，甚至是耸肩样的动作，这都提示孩子有呼吸困难。”王荃说。

　　此外，家长还应该关注孩子是否有喂养困难、拒食、频繁呕吐、腹泻或者尿量减少等情况，体温在41摄氏度及以上、发烧超过3天、伴有新发皮疹等情况，要特别关注，及时就医。

　　春节将至，在旅途和返乡后，对于儿童防护应该注意什么？春节期间聚餐比较多，家长该怎么加强儿童防护呢？

　　对此，王荃建议尽量不要给孩子安排长途远行，“如果孩子生病了就不要带他出行”。

　　出行前，备好口罩和免洗的手消或者消毒湿巾。家长要了解目的地疫情流行和人员流动情况，“尽量不去人流聚集的地方，因为这会增加孩子感染的风险”。王荃说，“如果乘坐公共交通工具出行，建议途中做好家长个人和孩子的防护，规范佩戴口罩”。

　　对于低幼儿童，王荃表示，3岁以下的孩子不推荐常规佩戴口罩，如果可能的话要尽量保持安全社交距离，保持咳嗽、打喷嚏的卫生礼仪。对于他们的防护，要做好手卫生，“尽量避免孩子到处乱摸，尤其是摸了其他东西之后再摸眼、口、鼻的行为要杜绝”。

　　王荃介绍，春节期间常见的儿童伤害，主要包括道路交通伤害、烟花爆竹伤、烧烫伤、跌倒伤等情况。她特别提醒，“家长在车子启动前，一定要绕车一周，确保车子周围没有孩子，以免造成伤害。”家长带孩子乘车，要根据孩子的年龄、身高、体重配备合适的安全防护措施，包括安全座椅、增高坐垫或者安全带，并且给孩子规范配备。“这样可以大幅度降低孩子在道路安全伤害中所受到的损伤。”

　　跌落伤也是春节期间最常见的儿童伤害之一。王荃提醒说，春节期间走亲访友，不要把三个月以上的孩子单独留在没有护栏的床上、座椅上或者沙发上，以免发生跌落，窗户下和阳台上都不要堆放可供孩子攀爬的物品。她同时也提醒家长要注意防止烧烫伤、烟花爆竹伤等春节期间常见的儿童伤害。

　　(光明日报记者詹媛)

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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